![]() Also, the split-s is sometimes used as a disengagement tactic. It is most often used to set up a high-side guns pass against a lower but fast moving opponent that is traveling in the opposite direction. The split-s is rarely a viable option in combat as it depletes kinetic energy in a turn and potential energy in a dive. This maneuver consists of rolling inverted and pulling back on the stick, diving the aircraft into a half loop, which changes the aircraft's direction 180 degrees. The opposite of an Immelmann is the Split-S. The attacker then reverses, trying to remain behind the defender, and the two aircraft begin a weaving flight pattern. The defender reverses the turn, attempting to force the attacker to fly out in front and to spoil aim. According to author Mike Spick, "Disengagement from a vertical rolling scissors is best made with a split-s and a lot of hope.įlat Scissors: Flat scissors, also called horizontal scissors, usually occur after a low-speed overshoot in a horizontal direction. In battles with aircraft that have a thrust-to-weight ratio of less than one the aircraft will quickly lose altitude, and crashing into the ground becomes a possibility. ![]() The advantage lies in the aircraft that can pull its nose through the top or bottom of the turn faster. The defender reverses into a vertical climb and into a barrel roll over the top, forcing the attacker to attempt to follow. Rolling Scissors: Rolling scissors, also called vertical scissors, tend to happen after a high-speed overshoot from above. There are two types of scissor maneuvers, called flat scissors and rolling scissors. The advantage usually goes to the more maneuverable aircraft. The defender's goal is to stay out of phase with the attacker, trying to prevent a guns solution, while the attacker tries to get in phase with the defender. The scissors are a series of turn reversals and flight path overshoots intended to slow the relative forward motion (downrange travel) of the aircraft in an attempt to either force a dangerous overshoot, on the part of the defender, or prevent a dangerous overshoot on the attacker's part. As a result, the fighter is now at a higher altitude and has changed course 180 degrees. Sufficient speed must be maintained to recover without losing altitude, and at the top of the loop the pilot then executes a half-roll to regain normal, upright aircraft orientation. As the plane passes over the point at which the climb was commenced, it should be inverted and a half loop will have been executed. ![]() The pilot then pulls the plane into a climb, and continues to pull back on the controls as the aircraft climbs. To successfully execute the aerobatic Immelmann turn, the pilot accelerated to sufficient speed to perform a loop in the aircraft. However, an Immelmann is a poor defensive maneuver, turning the defender into a slow moving target. The Immelmann is a good offensive maneuver for setting up a high-side guns pass against a lower altitude, slow moving opponent, going in an opposite direction. The aircraft performs the first half of a loop, and when completely inverted, rolls to the upright position. In World War I aerial combat, an Immelmann turn was a maneuver used after an attack on another aircraft to reposition the attacking aircraft for another attack.Īn Immelmann trades airspeed for altitude during a 180 degree change in direction. The term Immelmann turn, named after German World War One Eindecker fighter ace Leutnant Max Immelmann, refers to two different aircraft maneuvers.
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